特殊命名
MySQL = My是最初作者女儿的名字，SQL = Structured Query Language
Python 得名于电视剧Monty Python’s Flying Circus
awk = “Aho Weiberger and Kernighan” 三个作者的姓的第一个字母
biff = 作者Heidi Stettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。
目录名：
/etc：ETCetera
/bin：BINaries
/dev：DEVices
/lib：LIBraries
/mnt：MouNT
/proc：PROCesses
/tmp：TeMPorary
/var：VARiable
/srv：SeRVices
/opt：OPTion
/sbin：Super BINaries（又作Superuser BINaries）
/sys：SYStem
/usr：Unix Shared Resources
文件管理（包括文件输出管理）：
ls — LiSt
cd — Change Directory
pwd — Print Working Directory
cp — CoPy
mv — MoVe
rm — ReMove
pushd — PUSH to Directory
popd — POP from Directory
mkdir — MaKe DIRectory
rmdir — ReMove DIRectory
cat — CATenate
sed — Stream EDitor
diff — DIFFerence
wc — Word Count
chmod — CHange MODe
chown — CHange OWNer
chgrp — CHange GRouP
awk — Aho Weinberger and Kernighan
gawk — Gnu Aho Weinberger and Kernighan
grep — General Regular Expression Print
ln — LiNk
tar — TARball
硬件管理：
df — Disk Free
du — Disk Usage
dd — Data Descriptionparted — PARTition EDitor
lspci — LiSt Peripheral Component Interconnect
lscpu — LiSt Central Process Unit
lsusb — LiSt Universal Serial Bus
软件及软件包管理：
man — MANual
apt — Advanced Packaging Tool
dpkg — Debian PacKaGe
yum — Yellow dog Updater, Modified
rpm — RPM Package Manager
系统管理：
depmod — DEPend MODule
lsmod — LiSt MODule
modprobe — MODule PROBE
modinfo — MODule INFOrmation
insmod — INSert MODule
rmmod — ReMove MODule
ps — Processes Status
su — Substitute User
bash — Bourne Again SHell
init — INITialization
ssh — Secure SHell
wine — Wine Is Not an Emulator
exec — EXECute
fstab — FileSystem TABle
passwd — PASSWorD
tty — TeleTYpe
sudo — SuperUser DO
grub — GRand Unified Bootloader
tzselect — Time Zone SELECT
sync — SYNChronize
编辑器：
ed — EDitor
nano — Nano’s ANOther editor
emacs — Editor MACroS
vi — VIsual
vim — Vi Improved
写程序时会用到的：
cc — C Compiler
gcc — Gnu Compiler Collection
gcc — Gnu C Compiler
g++ — Gnu c++ compiler
gcj — Gnu Compiler for Java
yacc — Yet Another Compiler Compiler
guile — Gnu Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for Extensions
gas — Gnu Assembler
php — PHP：Hypertext Preprocessor
ld — Link eDitor
gdb — Gnu DeBug
tcl — Tool Command Line
图形界面：
gnome — GNu Object Model Environment
gdm — Gnome Display Manager
gtk — Graphic user interface ToolKit
qt — Toolkit
kde — K Desktop Environment
lxde — Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment
xfce — XForms Common Environment
各种参数
-a | —all ; —archive ; —append
-b | —blocksize ; —batch
-c | —commands ; —create
-d | —debuge ; —delete ; —directory
-e | —execute ; —edit ; —exclude
-f | —force ; —file ; —configuration file
-h | —help ; —human readable ; —headers
-i | —interactive ; —include
-k | —keep ; —kill
-l | —long listing format ; —list ; —load
-m | —message ; —manual ; —create home
-n | —number ; —no
-o | —output ; —options
-p | —port ; —protocol ; —passwd
-q | —quiet
-r | —reverse ; —recursive
-s | —silent ; —size ; —subject
-t | —tag ; —type
-u | —user
-v | —verbose ; —version
-w | —width ; —warning
-x | —exclude
-y | —yes
-z | —zip
许可证：
gnu gpl : Gnu General Public License
gnu lgpl : Gnu General Lesser Public License
gfdl : Gnu Free Documentation License
agpl : Affero General Public License
apsl : Apple Public Source License
bsd : Berkeley Software Distribution license